Artificer

An artificer was a craftsman skilled in working with any material—metal, wood, stone, or cloth. The term renders the Hebrew ḥārāš, encompassing smiths, carpenters, and engravers. Tubal-cain is identified as the first artificer in bronze and iron (Genesis 4:22), making him the ancestor of metalworking crafts. Isaiah includes the artificer among the skilled leaders of whom Jerusalem would be stripped as divine judgment (Isaiah 3:3). The construction of the tabernacle required artificers of exceptional skill, Bezalel being filled with God's Spirit specifically for this work (Exodus 31:3–5).