Graving

Graving refers to the art of engraving or incising designs into metal, stone, or wood — one of the skilled crafts employed in the construction of the tabernacle and temple. Bezalel was specifically gifted by God's Spirit for "all manner of workmanship" including graving in stone and wood (Ex. 31:5; 35:33). The high priest's breastplate featured twelve engraved stones, one for each tribe of Israel (Ex. 28:9–21), and the phrase "Holiness to the LORD" was engraved on the golden plate of his turban (Ex. 39:30). Seals bearing engraved names or symbols were used throughout the ancient Near East for authenticating documents and ownership marks. Isaiah 49:16's promise — "I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands" — uses the image of permanent inscription to express God's unfailing remembrance of his people.