Hand

The hand in Scripture carries extensive literal and figurative significance. Literally, it denotes the human hand as an instrument of labor, power, and touch—Galen called it the instrument of instruments, and the Bible reflects this universal human experience. The laying on of hands was used for blessing (Gen. 48:14), priestly consecration (Num. 8:10), and healing (Mark 6:5), as well as for the transfer of sin to a sacrificial animal (Lev. 1:4).

Figuratively, the hand of God is one of the most pervasive biblical metaphors for divine power and providential action: the exodus from Egypt was accomplished by a mighty hand and an outstretched arm (Deut. 26:8); God's hand disciplines the wicked (Ps. 9:16); and nothing can be snatched from the Father's hand (John 10:29). The gesture of lifting hands in prayer signifies supplication and surrender (Ps. 28:2; 1 Tim. 2:8). To wash the hands signifies innocence (Ps. 26:6; Matt. 27:24), while clean hands are a sign of integrity before God (Job 17:9; Ps. 24:4).