Jambres

Jambres was one of the Egyptian magicians who opposed Moses before Pharaoh (2 Tim. 3:8). He is named alongside Jannes: "Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith." Their names do not appear in the Exodus narrative itself but were preserved in Jewish oral tradition and apocryphal writings (including the Damascus Document and the Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan on Exodus 7:11). Paul invokes them as examples of false teachers who mimic true religion while opposing genuine faith — a pattern Paul sees repeating in the last days.