Lieutenant

Lieutenant in the Authorized Version translates a Persian administrative title for provincial governors or satraps (Hebrew/Aramaic achashdarpan). The term appears in Esther (Esth. 3:12; 8:9; 9:3) and Daniel (Dan. 3:2–3; 6:1–7) to describe the regional officials of the Persian imperial bureaucracy. Modern versions render it "satrap" or "governor," reflecting the actual administrative rank. The same officials appear in Ezra 8:36 where letters of authorization were delivered to them on behalf of the returning exiles.