Mufflers

Mufflers appear in Isaiah 3:19 as one of the twenty-one articles of feminine adornment that the LORD declares he will remove from the "daughters of Zion" as a judgment for their haughtiness and pride (Isa. 3:16–23). The Hebrew term (nетifot, often rendered "pendants" or "eardrops" in modern translations) refers to light, trembling ornamental veils or hanging decorations — possibly fine gauze veils or dangling jewelry worn about the face and ears. The Authorized Version's "mufflers" reflects the older English sense of a cloth wrapped about the face. The extended catalog of luxury items in Isaiah 3 — anklets, headbands, crescents, pendants, bracelets, sashes, perfume boxes, amulets, rings, and more — serves as an indictment of the wealthy women of Jerusalem whose conspicuous consumption was coupled with injustice and spiritual complacency.