Nard

Nard (spikenard; Hebrew nerd; Greek nardos) was a costly fragrant ointment derived from the root and spike of the nard plant (Nardostachys jatamansi), native to the Himalayan region of India. It was imported to the ancient Near East via the spice trade and was among the most expensive aromatics in the ancient world. Its distinctive name "pure nard" or "genuine nard" (nardos pistikos, John 12:3; Mark 14:3) distinguished authentic nard from cheaper adulterants.

Nard appears in the Song of Solomon (1:12; 4:13–14) as a symbol of love and beauty. Its most prominent NT appearance is in the anointing of Jesus at Bethany, where Mary (sister of Martha) broke an alabaster flask of costly pure nard and poured it on Jesus's head (Mark) or feet (John). Judas Iscariot's objection — that the nard could have been sold for 300 denarii (a laborer's annual wage) — highlights the extraordinary value of the gift and Jesus's response that it was a preparation for his burial.