Rephidim

Rephidim (meaning resting places or supports) was an Israelite campsite in the Sinai wilderness, the scene of two decisive events: the miraculous provision of water from the rock, and the battle against Amalek. At Rephidim Israel found no water and quarreled bitterly with Moses; God commanded Moses to strike the rock at Horeb, and water gushed out — the event named Massah and Meribah (Exodus 17:1–7). Immediately afterward, the Amalekites attacked and Joshua led the Israelite army in battle while Moses held up his hands on the hilltop, supported by Aaron and Hur; when his arms were raised, Israel prevailed (Exodus 17:8–16).

The location of Rephidim is debated: most traditional identifications place it in the Sinai peninsula in the vicinity of Jebel Musa. The altar Moses built there, called The LORD is My Banner (Yahweh-Nissi), established the theological connection between God's presence and military victory.