Reproof

Reproof (rebuke, correction) is presented in Scripture as an act of love and a necessity of faithful community and individual life. Proverbs strongly affirms the value of accepting reproof: "Whoever loves discipline loves knowledge, but he who hates reproof is stupid" (Prov. 12:1). The one who accepts rebuke gains understanding (Prov. 15:32), and a wise person reproves a scoffer at personal risk but reproves a wise man who will love him for it (Prov. 9:7–8). The Levitical law required members of the community to "rebuke your neighbor frankly" rather than hold a grudge (Lev. 19:17).

Jesus provides the definitive NT pattern for reproof in Matthew 18:15–17: private rebuke, then witnesses, then the church — a graduated process aimed at restoration rather than condemnation. Paul commands Timothy to "reprove, rebuke, and exhort, with complete patience and teaching" (2 Tim. 4:2; 3:16–17), noting that all Scripture is profitable for reproof and correction. The Holy Spirit convicts (reproves) the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment (John 16:8).