Sabaoth

Sabaoth is the Greek and Latin transliteration of the Hebrew tseba'ot (hosts or armies), a divine epithet appearing as part of the compound title LORD of Sabaoth — equivalent to "LORD of hosts" (Yahweh Tseba'ot). It occurs in the New Testament twice in transliterated form (Rom. 9:29, quoting Isa. 1:9; Jas. 5:4) and underlies the angelic acclamation "Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts" in Isaiah 6:3, echoed in Revelation 4:8. The title emphasizes God's sovereign command over all celestial and terrestrial forces: the armies of heaven (angels and stars), the armies of earth (Israel's covenant host), and the unseen powers of the universe. It became one of the most frequent divine titles in the later prophets, particularly Isaiah, Jeremiah, and the post-exilic books, where it asserts God's sovereign power over Assyria, Babylon, and the nations despite Israel's apparent weakness. The Septuagint renders it variously as "Almighty" (pantokrator) or "Lord of hosts" (kyrios sabaoth).