Uzal

Uzal (meaning: a wanderer) was a descendant of Joktan son of Eber, listed in the Table of Nations (Gen. 10:27; 1 Chr. 1:21) as one of the founders of the South Arabian peoples. Uzal is generally identified with the ancient capital of Yemen — Sanaa (Arabic: Azal), which retained the ancient name in its Arabic form. Ezekiel 27:19 mentions Vedan and Javan from Uzal trading bright iron, cassia, and calamus with Tyre, confirming Uzal's association with the Arabian trade in luxury goods.

The identification of Uzal with the Yemeni capital makes it one of the better-established geographical identifications in the Table of Nations, linking the biblical genealogy to a historically continuous city. Its trade goods — iron and spices — reflect the prosperity of pre-Islamic South Arabia as a commercial crossroads between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean world.